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What is Substrate? | SubstrateA standalone execution data plane for confined workspaces, bounded processes, durable operations, and observed state.Substratereferencesubstratereferenceadopterdeveloperoperatorreference

Run things. Report what happened.

Substrate turns one Linux machine into a governed execution service. A caller asks for a bounded operation; Substrate admits or refuses it, dispatches it through a verified driver, then reports what the machine actually observed.

The distinction matters. A process runner can say “started” while its child escaped, its output was lost, or its final state is unknown. Substrate keeps requested state separate from observed state and names uncertainty instead of filling it with optimism.

For example, create a guarded workspace, write an input file, then ask Substrate to run sha256sum under explicit bounds. The workspace, the start operation and the running exec have different identities and lifetimes. Follow that request or try guarded file I/O first.

The boundary in one table

LayerOwnsDoes not own
callerintent, product policy, placement choicemachine confinement
Substrateresource lifecycle, admission, durable operations, bounded execution, observationsagent loops, scheduling, vendor policy
driververified enforcement on the selected machinea different public contract

Every deployment serves the same contract. Features appear only when the running daemon has probed the capability needed to enforce them.

What it gives a caller

  • Confined workspaces. File access remains below a daemon-owned root; path and symlink escape attempts are refused.
  • Bounded processes. Commands use an argument vector, a cleared and shaped environment, output caps, process, memory, CPU and time bounds, hard opt-in writable-storage quotas, and whole-tree termination.
  • Durable mutations. An operation is recorded before driver dispatch, so a broken connection does not force the caller to guess whether an effect began.
  • Observed answers. Terminal state, exit status, truncation, expiry, and uncertainty are data.
  • Exact resource facts. Opted-in runs expose kernel CPU, memory, process, OOM and block-I/O observations during and after execution; Substrate does not invent a mean from samples.
  • Verified capability facts. A deployment advertises only what it has probed and can enforce.
  • Leased resources and events. Abandoned work becomes a typed transition, and consumers can replay a bounded event history.

What it deliberately leaves out

Substrate is not a scheduler, agent loop, policy engine, identity provider, credential broker, or public ingress product. The current implementation governs one Linux host. Higher layers decide why work should happen and where it should be placed.

Choose a path